The Argument about Icons (Empress Theodora and the Iconoclasts)
c. 1150–1175 (illuminated copy of John Skylitzes's Synopsis of Histories; produced in Norman Sicily, possibly at the multilingual Palermo court of Roger II / William I; 574 marginal illuminations across 233 folios)· Biblioteca Nacional de España
Public domain photographic reproduction (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 12th-century manuscript published before 1931). The underlying Madrid Skylitzes (Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitr. 26-2) is in the public domain.