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← THE SCRIPTORIUM

Byzantine Art Project

150 artworks from the great traditions of Byzantine and Eastern Christian iconography, each paired with a doctrinal reflection. The corpus surfaces GLM's confessional shape case by case as the iconography requires it — read what the picture argues.

150
ARTWORKS
10
COLLECTIONS
17
FLAGSHIPS
1,250+
YEARS
17 of 150Architecture →
COLLECTION:
ERA:
REGION:
MEDIUM:
John the Theologian Dictating to ProchorusApostles

John the Theologian Dictating to Prochorus

1224 (Xoranasat Gospel manuscript, made in the historical province of Artsakh)· Matenadaran (Mesrop Mashtots Institute)
Photograph by Michel Bakni (2020). Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (the underlying 1224 Armenian Gospel manuscript miniature is in the public domain; Matenadaran MS 4823, fol. 247).
Patriarch Nikephoros and the IconoclastIconoclasm Debate

Patriarch Nikephoros and the Iconoclast

c. 850s (mid-9th century, post-843 iconodule polemical illumination program; Khludov Psalter is the most-studied surviving 9th-century iconodule manuscript)· State Historical Museum
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 9th-century manuscript folio published before 1931). The underlying Khludov Psalter (State Historical Museum, Moscow, MS D.129) is in the public domain.
Crucifixion with IconoclastsIconoclasm Debate

Crucifixion with Iconoclasts

c. 850–875 (mid-9th c., shortly after the Triumph of Orthodoxy in 843)· State Historical Museum
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; scanned 2021). The underlying mid-9th-century manuscript folio (19.5 × 15 cm; State Historical Museum, Moscow, MS D.129) is in the public domain.
The Second Council of NicaeaIconoclasm Debate

The Second Council of Nicaea

c. 985 (Menologion compiled under Emperor Basil II in Constantinople; the council it depicts was held in 787)· Vatican Apostolic Library
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying late-10th-century manuscript illumination (Vatican Apostolic Library, Vat. gr. 1613) is in the public domain.
The Argument about Icons (Empress Theodora and the Iconoclasts)Iconoclasm Debate

The Argument about Icons (Empress Theodora and the Iconoclasts)

c. 1150–1175 (illuminated copy of John Skylitzes's Synopsis of Histories; produced in Norman Sicily, possibly at the multilingual Palermo court of Roger II / William I; 574 marginal illuminations across 233 folios)· Biblioteca Nacional de España
Public domain photographic reproduction (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 12th-century manuscript published before 1931). The underlying Madrid Skylitzes (Biblioteca Nacional de España, MS Vitr. 26-2) is in the public domain.
Emperor Leo V and the Monk of DagisteasIconoclasm Debate

Emperor Leo V and the Monk of Dagisteas

c. 1150–1175 (illuminated copy of John Skylitzes's Synopsis of Histories; production in Norman Sicily)· Biblioteca Nacional de España
Public domain photographic reproduction (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 12th-century manuscript published before 1931). The underlying Madrid Skylitzes is in the public domain.
The Parable of the Good SamaritanLife of Christ

The Parable of the Good Samaritan

c. 550–575 (early Byzantine; one of the oldest surviving illustrated New Testament manuscripts; UNESCO Memory of the World Register)· Cathedral of Rossano
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript). The underlying Codex Purpureus Rossanensis is in the public domain.
Christ before PilateLife of Christ

Christ before Pilate

c. 550–575 (early Byzantine; same manuscript as `rossano-gospels-healing-blind-man` and `good-samaritan-rossano`; the trial-narrative folio in two registers)· Cathedral of Rossano
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Codex Purpureus Rossanensis is in the public domain.
The Agony in the GardenLife of Christ

The Agony in the Garden

1678 (Armenian Era 1127; copied in Constantinople by the priest Yakob Pēligratc'i)· Walters Art Museum
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; Walters Art Museum). Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 1678 Armenian hymnal page is in the public domain.
The Healing of the Blind ManLiturgical

The Healing of the Blind Man

c. 550–600 (Codex Purpureus Rossanensis, one of the oldest surviving illuminated Christian gospels)· Diocesan Museum of the Codex
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying 6th-century Codex Purpureus Rossanensis (Diocesan Museum, Rossano Cathedral, Calabria) is in the public domain.
The PentecostLiturgical

The Pentecost

586 AD (the manuscript's colophon dates completion to that year; produced at the Monastery of Saint John of Zagba in Mesopotamia/Syria; **the earliest surviving illustrated Pentecost iconography**)· Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Rabbula Gospels (Plut. 1.56) is in the public domain.
Rebecca at the WellOT Typology

Rebecca at the Well

c. 6th century (early Byzantine luxury manuscript on purple-dyed parchment with silver-ink uncials; one of the oldest surviving illuminated biblical codices)· Austrian National Library
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; from the Yorck Project's *10,000 Masterworks of Painting*; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Vienna Genesis (Codex Vindobonensis Theol. gr. 31) is in the public domain.
Jacob Blessing Ephraim and ManassehOT Typology

Jacob Blessing Ephraim and Manasseh

c. 500–550 (early Byzantine luxury manuscript on purple-dyed parchment with silver-ink uncials)· Austrian National Library
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Vienna Genesis is in the public domain.
Joseph and Potiphar's WifeOT Typology

Joseph and Potiphar's Wife

Late 6th century (Vienna Genesis / Codex Vindobonensis Theol. gr. 31; likely Antioch workshop; purple-vellum manuscript tradition)· Austrian National Library
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; The Yorck Project). The underlying late-6th-century manuscript page (Austrian National Library) is in the public domain.
The Crossing of the Red SeaOT Typology

The Crossing of the Red Sea

c. 850s (mid-9th century, post-843 iconodule polemical-and-liturgical illumination program)· State Historical Museum
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 9th-century manuscript folio published before 1931). The underlying Khludov Psalter (State Historical Museum, Moscow, MS D.129) is in the public domain.
David Composing the PsalmsOT Typology

David Composing the Psalms

c. 960 (Macedonian Renaissance, Constantinople workshop; one of the most famous Byzantine illuminated manuscripts)· Bibliothèque nationale de France
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 10th-century manuscript). The underlying Paris Psalter (BnF MS gr. 139) is in the public domain.
The Martyrdom of Ignatius of AntiochSaints

The Martyrdom of Ignatius of Antioch

c. 985 (manuscript dated to the late reign of Emperor Basil II; 430 surviving illuminations covering the saints' calendar from September through February)· Vatican Apostolic Library
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 10th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Menologion of Basil II is in the public domain.

150 artworks, photographs sourced primarily from Wikimedia Commons with eight from museum open-access programs (Met CC0, Walters PD/CC BY-SA, British Museum CC BY 2.5, Dumbarton Oaks CC0). Originals are public domain by age; photographs carry the licenses noted on each artwork. Click any card for full credit, license, and a link back to the source.

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