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← THE SCRIPTORIUM

Byzantine Art Project

150 artworks from the great traditions of Byzantine and Eastern Christian iconography, each paired with a doctrinal reflection. The corpus surfaces GLM's confessional shape case by case as the iconography requires it — read what the picture argues.

150
ARTWORKS
10
COLLECTIONS
17
FLAGSHIPS
1,250+
YEARS
26 of 150Architecture →
COLLECTION:
ERA:
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MEDIUM:
SITE / MUSEUM:
Christ Enthroned with ArchangelsAngels

Christ Enthroned with Archangels

c. 547· Basilica of San Vitale
Photo by Petar Milošević (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Apostolic FlockApostles

The Apostolic Flock

c. 549· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; uploaded by user MChew, 2005). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Second Council of NicaeaIconoclasm Debate

The Second Council of Nicaea

c. 985 (Menologion compiled under Emperor Basil II in Constantinople; the council it depicts was held in 787)· Vatican Apostolic Library
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying late-10th-century manuscript illumination (Vatican Apostolic Library, Vat. gr. 1613) is in the public domain.
The Parable of the Good SamaritanLife of Christ

The Parable of the Good Samaritan

c. 550–575 (early Byzantine; one of the oldest surviving illustrated New Testament manuscripts; UNESCO Memory of the World Register)· Cathedral of Rossano
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript). The underlying Codex Purpureus Rossanensis is in the public domain.
Christ before PilateLife of Christ

Christ before Pilate

c. 550–575 (early Byzantine; same manuscript as `rossano-gospels-healing-blind-man` and `good-samaritan-rossano`; the trial-narrative folio in two registers)· Cathedral of Rossano
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Codex Purpureus Rossanensis is in the public domain.
The Last SupperLiturgical

The Last Supper

c. 504 (built under Theodoric the Ostrogoth; nave Christ-cycle mosaics among the original program)· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
Photograph by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying early-6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Multiplication of the Loaves and FishesLiturgical

The Multiplication of the Loaves and Fishes

c. 504 (built under Theodoric the Ostrogoth; nave Christ-cycle mosaics among the original program)· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying early-6th-century mosaic at Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, is in the public domain.
The Baptism of ChristLiturgical

The Baptism of Christ

c. 500 (built under Theodoric the Ostrogoth, c. 493–526; passed to orthodox use after 565)· Battistero degli Ariani
Photograph by Petar Milošević (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying late-5th / early-6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Apex LambLiturgical

The Apex Lamb

Begun 526–530 under Pope Felix IV; arch program likely completed in the time of Pope Sergius I (692–701)· Basilica dei Santi Cosma e Damiano
Photograph by Hugo DK (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th–7th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Healing of the Blind ManLiturgical

The Healing of the Blind Man

c. 550–600 (Codex Purpureus Rossanensis, one of the oldest surviving illuminated Christian gospels)· Diocesan Museum of the Codex
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying 6th-century Codex Purpureus Rossanensis (Diocesan Museum, Rossano Cathedral, Calabria) is in the public domain.
The PentecostLiturgical

The Pentecost

586 AD (the manuscript's colophon dates completion to that year; produced at the Monastery of Saint John of Zagba in Mesopotamia/Syria; **the earliest surviving illustrated Pentecost iconography**)· Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 6th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Rabbula Gospels (Plut. 1.56) is in the public domain.
The Sign of JonahOT Typology

The Sign of Jonah

c. 280–300 AD· Pio Cristiano Museum
Photo by Sailko (2013). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0). The underlying late-3rd-century relief is in the public domain.
Abel and Melchizedek at the AltarOT Typology

Abel and Melchizedek at the Altar

c. 547 (consecration of San Vitale under Bishop Maximian; Justinianic Ravenna)· Basilica of San Vitale
Photograph by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Sacrifice of IsaacOT Typology

The Sacrifice of Isaac

c. 547· Basilica of San Vitale
Photo by Petar Milošević (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Joseph Gathering CornOT Typology

Joseph Gathering Corn

c. 1275 (San Marco atrium / narthex Genesis-and-Joseph cycle; 13th-century Venetian-Byzantine mosaicists)· Basilica di San Marco
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 13th-century mosaic). The underlying San Marco mosaic is in the public domain.
The Good ShepherdPantocrator

The Good Shepherd

c. 225 AD (mid-3rd century; pre-Constantinian early Christian funerary fresco; one of the earliest surviving Christian iconographic representations of Christ)· Catacomb of Priscilla
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Joseph Wilpert documentation, 1903; faithful reproduction of a c. 225 AD fresco). The underlying catacomb fresco is in the public domain.
Christ as Orpheus (Christ-Orpheus Arcosolium)Pantocrator

Christ as Orpheus (Christ-Orpheus Arcosolium)

c. 300–350 (early-4th century, pre- or early-Constantinian; pagan-Roman pastoral iconographic vocabulary reframed as Christ-image)· Catacomb of Saints Marcellinus and Peter
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons). The underlying c. 4th-century catacomb fresco is in the public domain.
Christ Enthroned with AngelsPantocrator

Christ Enthroned with Angels

Early 6th century (c. 504, edited c. 561)· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Martyrdom of Ignatius of AntiochSaints

The Martyrdom of Ignatius of Antioch

c. 985 (manuscript dated to the late reign of Emperor Basil II; 430 surviving illuminations covering the saints' calendar from September through February)· Vatican Apostolic Library
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 10th-century manuscript folio). The underlying Menologion of Basil II is in the public domain.
The Heavenly JerusalemSecond Coming

The Heavenly Jerusalem

6th–7th century (apse 549; arch 7th c.)· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe
Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th–7th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Cosmic CrossSecond Coming

The Cosmic Cross

c. 549· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe
Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Last JudgmentSecond Coming

The Last Judgment

12th century (with 13th-c. additions)· Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta
Photo by Ismoon (2013, uploaded 2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 12th–13th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Theotokos Enthroned with the MagiTheotokos

Theotokos Enthroned with the Magi

c. 561 (under Bishop Agnellus)· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
Photo by Marie Thérèse Hébert & Jean Robert Thibault (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Theotokos AgiosoritissaTheotokos

Theotokos Agiosoritissa

11th–12th century (donated by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa to Spoleto in 1185 after the city's submission)· Cappella della Santissima Icona
Photograph by Wolfgang Sauber (2017). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 11th–12th-century icon at Spoleto Cathedral is in the public domain.
The Theotokos HodegetriaTheotokos

The Theotokos Hodegetria

c. 1080–1130 (11th-century original; main figure reworked after a 12th-century earthquake; the saints below remain from the first program)· Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta
Photograph by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 11th–12th century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Nicopeia (Theotokos Nikopoios — Virgin Bringer of Victory)Theotokos

The Nicopeia (Theotokos Nikopoios — Virgin Bringer of Victory)

c. 1100–1120 (Komnenian-era Constantinople workshop; the icon was the imperial palladium of Byzantine Constantinople until the Fourth Crusade in 1204)· Basilica di San Marco
Wikimedia Commons (faithful photographic reproduction). Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying c. 1100–1120 Komnenian-era icon is in the public domain.

150 artworks, photographs sourced primarily from Wikimedia Commons with eight from museum open-access programs (Met CC0, Walters PD/CC BY-SA, British Museum CC BY 2.5, Dumbarton Oaks CC0). Originals are public domain by age; photographs carry the licenses noted on each artwork. Click any card for full credit, license, and a link back to the source.

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