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← THE SCRIPTORIUM

Byzantine Art Project

150 artworks from the great traditions of Byzantine and Eastern Christian iconography, each paired with a doctrinal reflection. The corpus surfaces GLM's confessional shape case by case as the iconography requires it — read what the picture argues.

150
ARTWORKS
10
COLLECTIONS
17
FLAGSHIPS
1,250+
YEARS
47 of 150Architecture →
COLLECTION:
ERA:
REGION:
MEDIUM:
Christ Enthroned with ArchangelsAngels

Christ Enthroned with Archangels

c. 547· Basilica of San Vitale
Photo by Petar Milošević (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Archangels Gabriel and MichaelAngels

Archangels Gabriel and Michael

c. 867 (with the apse Theotokos program)· Hagia Sophia
Photo by Dennis G. Jarvis / archer10 (2013). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0). The underlying 9th-century mosaics are in the public domain.
The Archangel Gabriel of the AnnunciationAngels

The Archangel Gabriel of the Annunciation

c. 1037–1046 (the foundation period of the cathedral under Yaroslav the Wise; the 11th-century Kievan-Rus mosaic program is iconographically continuous with Constantinople)· Saint Sophia Cathedral
Google Art Project / Wikimedia Commons. The underlying 11th-century mosaic at Saint Sophia Cathedral Kyiv is in the public domain.
The Archangel GabrielAngels

The Archangel Gabriel

c. 1143–1151· La Martorana (Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio)
Photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow (2008). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic (CC BY 2.5). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Six-Winged SeraphimAngels

The Six-Winged Seraphim

14th century (Palaeologan restoration; underlying program likely 6th c. with later layers)· Hagia Sophia
Photo by Dick Osseman / Dosseman (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying mosaic is in the public domain.
The Apostolic FlockApostles

The Apostolic Flock

c. 549· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; uploaded by user MChew, 2005). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Communion of the ApostlesApostles

The Communion of the Apostles

c. 1050· Saint Sophia Cathedral
Photo by Vi Ko (2021). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
James the JustApostles

James the Just

c. 1310 (Palaeologan; parekklesion built and decorated under Michael Glabas Tarchaneiotes and his widow Maria-Martha)· Pammakaristos / Fethiye Camii (parekklesion)
Photograph by Byzantine Institute staff (1949–1963), Dumbarton Oaks fieldwork records (MSBZ004_BF_T_F_022_A). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying c. 1310 mosaic is in the public domain.
The Iconoclastic CrossIconoclasm Debate

The Iconoclastic Cross

c. 740s (post-740 earthquake reconstruction under Constantine V)· Hagia Eirene (Saint Irene)
Photo by Dick Osseman / Dosseman (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 8th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Christ in the TransfigurationLife of Christ

Christ in the Transfiguration

c. 565· Saint Catherine's Monastery (Katholikon
Image from Forsyth & Weitzmann, *The Monastery of Saint Catherine at Mount Sinai* (University of Michigan Press, 1973), reproduced via Linn, Tepper & Bar-Oz (2017). Wikimedia Commons. Released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The AscensionLife of Christ

The Ascension

c. 885· Hagia Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom)
Photo by Iolchos07 (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 9th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
PentecostLife of Christ

Pentecost

c. 1030–1050· Hosios Loukas Monastery (Katholikon
Photograph in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, file: Hosios_Loukas_Katholikon_(sanctuary_vault)_-_Pentecost_01.jpg, processed by user Shakko 2015). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The NativityLife of Christ

The Nativity

c. 1100· Daphni Monastery (Katholikon)
Photo by Jacob Freeland (2023). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The CrucifixionLife of Christ

The Crucifixion

c. 1100· Daphni Monastery (Katholikon
Photo by Jacob Freeland (2023). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Last SupperLiturgical

The Last Supper

c. 504 (built under Theodoric the Ostrogoth; nave Christ-cycle mosaics among the original program)· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
Photograph by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying early-6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Multiplication of the Loaves and FishesLiturgical

The Multiplication of the Loaves and Fishes

c. 504 (built under Theodoric the Ostrogoth; nave Christ-cycle mosaics among the original program)· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain work). The underlying early-6th-century mosaic at Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, is in the public domain.
The Baptism of ChristLiturgical

The Baptism of Christ

c. 500 (built under Theodoric the Ostrogoth, c. 493–526; passed to orthodox use after 565)· Battistero degli Ariani
Photograph by Petar Milošević (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying late-5th / early-6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Apex LambLiturgical

The Apex Lamb

Begun 526–530 under Pope Felix IV; arch program likely completed in the time of Pope Sergius I (692–701)· Basilica dei Santi Cosma e Damiano
Photograph by Hugo DK (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th–7th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Ananias Lays Hands on SaulLiturgical

Ananias Lays Hands on Saul

c. 1140–1170 (Norman Sicilian; Pauline cycle commissioned under Roger II and William I)· Cappella Palatina
Photograph by Gmihail (2013). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Serbia (CC BY-SA 3.0 RS). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Vision of Christ in GloryOT Typology

The Vision of Christ in Glory

c. 425–450 (Theodosian / early Byzantine; the church was the katholikon of the Latomos Monastery)· Church of Hosios David (Latomos Monastery)
Photograph by Giovanni Dall'Orto (2024). Wikimedia Commons. The photographer permits use for any purpose with attribution. The underlying 5th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Abel and Melchizedek at the AltarOT Typology

Abel and Melchizedek at the Altar

c. 547 (consecration of San Vitale under Bishop Maximian; Justinianic Ravenna)· Basilica of San Vitale
Photograph by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Sacrifice of IsaacOT Typology

The Sacrifice of Isaac

c. 547· Basilica of San Vitale
Photo by Petar Milošević (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Joseph Gathering CornOT Typology

Joseph Gathering Corn

c. 1275 (San Marco atrium / narthex Genesis-and-Joseph cycle; 13th-century Venetian-Byzantine mosaicists)· Basilica di San Marco
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons; faithful reproduction of a 13th-century mosaic). The underlying San Marco mosaic is in the public domain.
Pammakaristos Parekklesion: Old Testament ProphetOT Typology

Pammakaristos Parekklesion: Old Testament Prophet

c. 1310 (early Palaiologan; the parekklesion was erected by Martha Glabas in memory of her husband Michael Doukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes, a general of Andronikos II Palaiologos; the mosaics survived the 1591 conversion to a mosque because they were plastered over)· Pammakaristos Parekklesion (Theotokos Pammakaristos / Fethiye Camii)
Photograph by Vmenkov (2010). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) and GNU Free Documentation License 1.2+. The underlying c. 1310 mosaic at the Pammakaristos parekklesion is in the public domain.
Christ Enthroned with AngelsPantocrator

Christ Enthroned with Angels

Early 6th century (c. 504, edited c. 561)· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Christ PantocratorPantocrator

Christ Pantocrator

c. 1030–1050· Hosios Loukas Monastery (Katholikon
Photo by Hans A. Rosbach (2009). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Christ PantocratorPantocrator

Christ Pantocrator

c. 1100· Daphni Monastery (Katholikon of the Dormition)
Photo by Jacob Freeland (2023). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Christ Pantocrator of the ApsePantocrator

Christ Pantocrator of the Apse

c. 1140–1160 (commissioned under Roger II of Sicily; Greek mosaicists, Norman patron, Arab muqarnas ceiling — the chapel's cultural-translation register)· Cappella Palatina
Photograph by Jean-Pierre Dalbéra (2012). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Christ PantocratorPantocrator

Christ Pantocrator

c. 1143· Capella Palatina (Royal Chapel of Palermo)
Photo by Effems (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Christ PantocratorPantocrator

Christ Pantocrator

c. 1145 (cathedral 1131–1240)· Cefalù Cathedral
Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Christ PantocratorPantocrator

Christ Pantocrator

c. 1180–1190· Monreale Cathedral (Duomo di Monreale)
Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2015). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 12th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Christ PantocratorPantocrator

Christ Pantocrator

c. 1261· Hagia Sophia
Photo by Myrabella (2012). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 13th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Christ PantocratorPantocrator

Christ Pantocrator

c. 1310· Pammakaristos Church (Fethiye Camii)
Photo by Dick Osseman (Dosseman, 2010). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 14th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Christ PantocratorPantocrator

Christ Pantocrator

c. 1315–1321· Chora Church (Kariye Camii / Church of the Holy Saviour in Chora)
Photo by Guillaume Piolle (2011). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0). The underlying 14th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Cloud of WitnessesSaints

The Cloud of Witnesses

c. 380–410 (Theodosian conversion of the Galerian rotunda; mosaics among the earliest surviving Christian dome programs)· Rotunda of Hagios Georgios
Photograph by Wikimedia Commons user Ymblanter (2021). Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying late-4th / early-5th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Saint DemetriosSaints

Saint Demetrios

Late 6th–7th century (program; saint's death c. 306 AD)· Basilica of Hagios Demetrios
Photo by Holger Uwe Schmitt (2022). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th–7th century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Heavenly JerusalemSecond Coming

The Heavenly Jerusalem

6th–7th century (apse 549; arch 7th c.)· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe
Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th–7th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Cosmic CrossSecond Coming

The Cosmic Cross

c. 549· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe
Photo by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The AnastasisSecond Coming

The Anastasis

c. 1030–1050· Hosios Loukas Monastery (Katholikon
Photo by Shakko (Sofia Bagdasarova, 2014). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Last JudgmentSecond Coming

The Last Judgment

12th century (with 13th-c. additions)· Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta
Photo by Ismoon (2013, uploaded 2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 12th–13th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Theotokos Enthroned with the MagiTheotokos

Theotokos Enthroned with the Magi

c. 561 (under Bishop Agnellus)· Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
Photo by Marie Thérèse Hébert & Jean Robert Thibault (2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0). The underlying 6th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Theotokos of the ApseTheotokos

Theotokos of the Apse

867 (inaugurated 29 March)· Hagia Sophia
Photo by Dick Osseman (Dosseman, 2019). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 9th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
Theotokos of the ApseTheotokos

Theotokos of the Apse

c. 1030–1050· Hosios Loukas Monastery (Katholikon
Photo by Hans A. Rosbach (2009). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Virgin OransTheotokos

The Virgin Orans

c. 1050· Saint Sophia Cathedral
Photographic reproduction in the public domain (Wikimedia Commons, file: Oranta-Kyiv.jpg, source Google Arts & Culture). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Presentation of the TheotokosTheotokos

The Presentation of the Theotokos

c. 1100· Daphni Monastery (Katholikon)
Photo by Giovanni Dall'Orto (2025). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Italy (CC BY-SA 2.5 IT). The underlying 11th-century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Theotokos HodegetriaTheotokos

The Theotokos Hodegetria

c. 1080–1130 (11th-century original; main figure reworked after a 12th-century earthquake; the saints below remain from the first program)· Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta
Photograph by José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro (2016). Wikimedia Commons. Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). The underlying 11th–12th century mosaic is in the public domain.
The Annunciation at the WellTheotokos

The Annunciation at the Well

c. 1315–1321· Chora Church (Kariye Camii)
Photo by Byzantine Institute staff (1952), MSBZ004-ICFA-KC-BIA-0366. Image Collections and Fieldwork Archives, Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington DC. Released under Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying 14th-century mosaic is in the public domain.

150 artworks, photographs sourced primarily from Wikimedia Commons with eight from museum open-access programs (Met CC0, Walters PD/CC BY-SA, British Museum CC BY 2.5, Dumbarton Oaks CC0). Originals are public domain by age; photographs carry the licenses noted on each artwork. Click any card for full credit, license, and a link back to the source.

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